Percentage Points System (PPS) Statistics

The Percentage Points System (PPS) only calculates statistics based on performance up to the point at which a game is locked. This new way to calculate statistics for teams and quizzers is an attempt to more fairly represent their performance at a tournament. Credit for the PPS statistics concept goes to Chad Nash, Ryan O'Neil, and Calvin Fisher, who have been discussing and calculating these statistics since 2005.
See the PPS summary page for more information.

Results posted: May 21, 2016 3:25:50 PM CDT

Div C & E Combine
05-21-2016
Apostolic Faith Church - Racine
15 Teams

Top 4 Teams

RankTeamWinsLossesAvg PPGPPS EA
1stMadison 150160.000178.563
2ndBartlett62136.875181.907
3rdEau Claire PA 132120.000131.321
4thRacine 142114.167142.202

PPS Highest Scoring Individuals and PPS All Tournament Team represent those quizzers who performed the best while games were still competitive. These quizzers are honored here for their outstanding performance.

** Projected PPG scores are the PPG that a quizzer would likely have achieved if the quiz had continued competitively after the quiz was locked. **
Projected PPG is calculated by taking the percent of total points that a quizzer earns before a quiz is locked and projecting that percent across the points remaining after the lock. Whether a quizzer would quiz out is also a factor used in calculating projected PPG. Since most quizzers stop quizzing competitively when a quiz is locked out of courtesy to the other team, the Projected PPG rankings honor these quizzers for their excellent quizzing and sportsmanship.

PPS Highest Scoring Individuals by Projected PPG (top 2 from top 4 teams)

1st Highest - Seth Merkes  Madison 1 (1st)  115.000 projected PPG
2nd Highest - Sarah Pawlus  Bartlett (2nd)  70.663 projected PPG

PPS All Tournament Team by Projected PPG (all must have at least 2 wins)

1) Sandile McCoy  Glenview (Tied 5th)  73.326 projected PPG
2) Ellis Ullom  Eau Claire PA 1 (3rd)  70.268 projected PPG
3) Tyler King  Racine 1 (4th)  67.381 projected PPG
4) Isabela Jung  Racine 1 (4th)  60.119 projected PPG
5) Ashlyn Korsgarden  Bartlett (2nd)  52.430 projected PPG


Detailed Quizzer PPS Statistics
---- Details may not have been available for all games in which a quizzer played (indicated in the ALL column) ----
**** Not eligible for All Tournament Team unless #GP is at least 4 ****

NameTeamPPGALLPPSpPPG#GP%C%IC#QO#C#IC%I%NI%RR%Pts
Seth MerkesMadison 1 (1st)115.000Yes48.767115.000580.5680.564 5.80 5.80100.00 0.00 0.0085.71
Benjamin HollandParkway (Tied 5th)91.667Yes30.95283.571382.3570.001 4.67 2.3348.94 0.0051.0679.41
Sandile McCoyGlenview (Tied 5th)83.750Yes27.15873.326476.1973.680 4.00 3.5078.72 0.0021.2872.50
Sarah PawlusBartlett (2nd)59.375No27.98670.663786.6780.000 3.71 2.2962.0327.8510.1383.02
Ellis UllomEau Claire PA 1 (3rd)60.000Yes26.62770.268573.0865.000 3.80 2.6057.8924.5617.5472.92
Tyler KingRacine 1 (4th)61.667Yes24.95667.381670.0064.711 4.67 3.6769.4916.9513.5665.57
Callie ZimmermanMadison 2 (Tied 9th)71.667Yes25.61765.000366.6728.571 4.67 0.67-14.29114.29 0.0064.86
Isabela JungRacine 1 (4th)42.500Yes22.72960.119690.00100.000 3.00 0.17 7.6976.9215.3887.50
Ashlyn KorsgardenBartlett (2nd)38.750No19.41852.430788.8975.000 2.29 0.8637.0425.9337.0493.33
Tristan KruegerFond du Lac 1 (Tied 9th)26.667No15.92342.991283.33 0.000 2.50 0.00 0.00114.29-14.2980.00
Haannah PawlusBartlett (2nd)28.750No14.99440.485794.74100.000 2.57 0.2910.2648.7241.0387.50
Tyrianna HiblerFond du Lac 2 (Tied 7th)36.250Yes12.35435.9434100.00100.000 1.75 0.2523.0853.8523.08100.00
Koleton SolbergEau Claire PA 1 (3rd)36.000Yes13.25435.786580.0087.500 2.40 1.4065.5220.6913.7977.27
Aaron ScheidlerEau Claire PA 2 (Tied 9th)28.333Yes12.96335.000361.54100.000 2.67 0.3323.5388.24-11.7659.09
Ava DoerflingerRacine 2 (Tied 7th)46.250Yes12.66534.196477.78 0.000 1.75 0.00-4.17104.17 0.0086.67
Olivia AckahMadison 1 (1st)35.000Yes12.63934.125568.4254.550 2.60 1.2034.7826.0939.1364.00
Jada JacksonRacine 3 (Tied 13th)20.000Yes 8.62128.4482100.00 0.000 1.50 0.00 0.00100.00 0.00100.00
Kevin HildebrandMequon (Tied 9th)15.000Yes 9.72226.250275.00100.000 1.50 0.5044.4433.3322.2283.33
Kimberly BusateriHartford (Tied 13th)20.000Yes 8.63123.3042100.00 0.000 1.50 0.00 0.00100.00 0.00100.00
Roman ScheidlerEau Claire PA 2 (Tied 9th)15.000Yes 6.08516.429375.00 0.000 1.00 0.00 0.0055.5644.4483.33
Gabe MorkenEau Claire PA 1 (3rd)14.000Yes 4.23911.446566.6763.640 1.60 1.4075.0025.00 0.0050.00
Ava HanthornMequon (Tied 9th) 2.500Yes 4.16711.2502100.00 0.000 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00100.00100.00
Malachi ZurnFond du Lac 2 (Tied 7th)12.500Yes 2.778 7.5004100.00 0.000 0.50 0.00 0.00100.00 0.00100.00
Naomi ZurnFond du Lac 1 (Tied 9th)-1.667No 2.381 6.4292100.00 0.000 0.50 0.00 0.00100.00 0.00100.00
Leslie McCoyGlenview (Tied 5th) 3.750Yes 2.034 5.491440.00 0.000 0.50 0.00-66.67 0.00166.6750.00
Daniel HanMequon (Tied 9th) 2.500Yes 1.736 4.688266.67 0.000 1.00 0.00 0.00-100.00200.0040.00
Keenan Sheperd Madison 2 Jamine Sheperd Keenan SheperdMadison 2 (Tied 9th) 1.667Yes 0.694 1.875350.00 0.000 0.33 0.00 0.00100.00 0.0050.00
Caleb Van GheemAppleton (Tied 13th)-7.500Yes 0.000 0.0002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Elaina MeyerHartford (Tied 13th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hadley NolanGlenview (Tied 5th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0004 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Judah YisraelRacine 3 (Tied 13th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Annabella LoCascioGlenview (Tied 5th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0004 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Olivia PollnowParkway (Tied 5th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0003 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Joshua StelznerAppleton (Tied 13th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Samantha BlahaMequon (Tied 9th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Nathaniel StelznerAppleton (Tied 13th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Jasmine SheperdMadison 2 (Tied 9th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0003 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Megan FalkeyParkway (Tied 5th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0003 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Madison ReynoldsFond du Lac 1 (Tied 9th) 0.000No 0.000 0.0002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Kiki LiGlenview (Tied 5th) 0.000Yes 0.000 0.0004 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Angela BusateriHartford (Tied 13th)-2.500Yes-1.042-2.8122 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00100.00 0.00 0.00
Anahi RodroguezRacine 2 (Tied 7th)-2.500Yes-1.190-3.2144 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00100.00 0.00 0.00
Nolle BennettEau Claire PA 2 (Tied 9th)-5.000Yes-2.205-5.9523 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00100.00 0.00 0.00

Note that all of these statistics except PPG are calculated only from questions up to the point each game was locked.
PPG - the normal (non-PPS) average points per game for this quizzer in this tournament
ALL - 'f' means some game data is unavailable, so statistics are not based on all games in which this quizzer played
PPS - the percentage of the total points that the quizzer scored while the game was still competitive
pPPG - projected PPG represents the number of points that a quizzer would score IF they were to continue quizzing at the pace that they were when the game was locked; whether they would quiz out does affect this value
#GP - the number of games played by this quizzer for which PPS statistics are available
%C - the percentage of all questions answered correctly by this quizzer
%IC - the percentage of interrupted questions answered correctly by this quizzer
NQO - the total number of times this quizzer has quizzed out in this tournament
#C - the average number of correct responses by this quizzer per game
#IC - the average number of interrupted correct responses by this quizzer per game
%I - percent interruptions is of total points scored by this quizzer via responses (bonuses/fouls excluded)
%NI - percent non-interruptions is of total points scored by this quizzer
%RR - percent re-reads is of total points scored by this quizzer (note that sum of %I, %NI, and %RR is 100%)
%Pts - percentage of the points they attempted and got correct


More Detailed (10-20-30) Quizzer PPS Statistics

NameTeampPPG#10C#10IC10pts10rr10ni10i#20C#20IC20pts20rr20ni20i#30C#30IC30pts30rr30ni30i
Seth MerkesMadison 1 (1st)115.0001.801.8013.000.000.0013.003.003.0056.000.000.0056.001.001.0030.000.000.0030.00
Benjamin HollandParkway (Tied 5th)83.5711.330.6713.336.670.006.672.330.6740.0033.330.006.671.001.0025.000.000.0025.00
Sandile McCoyGlenview (Tied 5th)73.3261.001.0010.000.000.0010.002.752.5045.005.000.0040.000.250.003.757.500.00-3.75
Sarah PawlusBartlett (2nd)70.6631.570.8615.712.864.298.571.711.0030.002.8611.4315.710.430.4310.710.000.0010.71
Ellis UllomEau Claire PA 1 (3rd)70.2681.000.607.000.004.003.002.402.0044.004.004.0036.000.400.006.006.006.00-6.00
Tyler KingRacine 1 (4th)67.3812.672.1723.330.005.0018.332.001.5028.336.673.3318.330.000.00-2.500.000.00-2.50
Callie ZimmermanMadison 2 (Tied 9th)65.0002.000.6718.330.0013.335.002.000.0020.000.0033.33-13.330.670.0020.000.0020.000.00
Isabela JungRacine 1 (4th)60.1191.330.0013.330.0013.330.001.670.1730.006.6720.003.330.000.000.000.000.000.00
Ashlyn KorsgardenBartlett (2nd)52.4300.710.145.711.434.290.001.430.7128.578.575.7114.290.140.004.294.290.000.00
Tristan KruegerFond du Lac 1 (Tied 9th)42.9911.000.0010.000.0010.000.001.500.0025.00-5.0030.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Haannah PawlusBartlett (2nd)40.4852.140.2921.438.5710.002.860.430.008.572.865.710.000.000.00-2.140.00-2.140.00
Tyrianna HiblerFond du Lac 2 (Tied 7th)35.9430.750.007.502.505.000.000.500.0010.005.005.000.000.500.2515.000.007.507.50
Koleton SolbergEau Claire PA 1 (3rd)35.7861.400.8012.004.001.007.001.000.6020.000.008.0012.000.000.00-3.000.00-3.000.00
Aaron ScheidlerEau Claire PA 2 (Tied 9th)35.0001.000.008.333.335.000.001.670.3320.00-6.6720.006.670.000.000.000.000.000.00
Ava DoerflingerRacine 2 (Tied 7th)34.1960.750.005.000.006.25-1.250.500.0010.000.0010.000.000.500.0015.000.0015.000.00
Olivia AckahMadison 1 (1st)34.1252.001.0016.004.006.006.000.600.2010.008.000.002.000.000.00-3.00-3.000.000.00
Jada JacksonRacine 3 (Tied 13th)28.4480.500.005.000.005.000.001.000.0020.000.0020.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Kevin HildebrandMequon (Tied 9th)26.2500.500.002.505.00-2.500.001.000.5020.000.0010.0010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Kimberly BusateriHartford (Tied 13th)23.3041.000.0010.000.0010.000.000.500.0010.000.0010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Roman ScheidlerEau Claire PA 2 (Tied 9th)16.4290.330.001.670.001.670.000.670.0013.336.676.670.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Gabe MorkenEau Claire PA 1 (3rd)11.4461.601.4015.000.002.0013.000.000.00-4.000.000.00-4.000.000.00-3.000.000.00-3.00
Ava HanthornMequon (Tied 9th)11.2500.000.000.000.000.000.000.500.0010.0010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Malachi ZurnFond du Lac 2 (Tied 7th)7.5000.250.002.500.002.500.000.250.005.000.005.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Naomi ZurnFond du Lac 1 (Tied 9th)6.4290.500.005.000.005.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Leslie McCoyGlenview (Tied 5th)5.4910.250.00-1.251.250.00-2.500.250.005.005.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Daniel HanMequon (Tied 9th)4.6881.000.0010.005.005.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00-7.500.00-7.500.00
Keenan Sheperd Madison 2 Jamine Sheperd Keenan SheperdMadison 2 (Tied 9th)1.8750.330.001.670.001.670.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Caleb Van GheemAppleton (Tied 13th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Elaina MeyerHartford (Tied 13th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Hadley NolanGlenview (Tied 5th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Judah YisraelRacine 3 (Tied 13th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Annabella LoCascioGlenview (Tied 5th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Olivia PollnowParkway (Tied 5th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Joshua StelznerAppleton (Tied 13th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Samantha BlahaMequon (Tied 9th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Nathaniel StelznerAppleton (Tied 13th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Jasmine SheperdMadison 2 (Tied 9th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Megan FalkeyParkway (Tied 5th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Madison ReynoldsFond du Lac 1 (Tied 9th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Kiki LiGlenview (Tied 5th)0.0000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Angela BusateriHartford (Tied 13th)-2.8130.000.00-2.500.00-2.500.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Anahi RodroguezRacine 2 (Tied 7th)-3.2140.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00-2.500.00-2.500.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Nolle BennettEau Claire PA 2 (Tied 9th)-5.9520.000.00-1.670.00-1.670.000.000.00-3.330.00-3.330.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Note that all of these statistics are calculated only from questions up to the point each game was locked.
#10C - the average number of correct 10 point questions by this quizzer per game
#10IC - the average number of interrupted correct 10 point questions by this quizzer per game
10pts - overall average points scored by this team in the 10s
10rr - average points scored on re-reads in the 10s
10ni - average points scored by non-interrupting in the 10s
10i - average points scored by interrupting in the 10s
#20C - the average number of correct 20 point questions by this quizzer per game
#20IC - the average number of interrupted correct 20 point questions by this quizzer per game
20pts - overall average points scored by this team in the 20s
20rr - average points scored on re-reads in the 20s
20ni - average points scored by non-interrupting in the 20s
20i - average points scored by interrupting in the 20s
#30C - the average number of correct 30 point questions by this quizzer per game
#30IC - the average number of interrupted correct 30 point questions by this quizzer per game
30pts - overall average points scored by this team in the 30s
30rr - average points scored on re-reads in the 30s
30ni - average points scored by non-interrupting in the 30s
30i - average points scored by interrupting in the 30s


Detailed Team PPS Statistics

TeamRankWLPPSPPS2PAPSPPGEAEA2EAAMRG%C%IC%I%NI%RR%PtsMaxMinNCNIC
Madison 11st5066.13457.92724.180160.000178.563156.40265.28684.00076.3674.4787.70 4.92 7.3879.55170125 8.40 7.00
Bartlett2nd6267.37362.39825.331136.875181.907168.47668.39370.00089.5580.0042.4431.9825.5886.9215595 8.57 3.43
Eau Claire PA 13rd3248.63844.12029.874120.000131.321119.12580.66133.00073.5869.2361.7023.4014.8969.7714070 7.80 5.40
Racine 14th4252.66847.92832.518114.167142.202129.40587.79832.50076.6765.7140.5448.6510.8173.1214545 7.67 3.83
ParkwayTied 5th1235.00929.71853.792101.66794.52480.238145.238-38.33382.3570.0048.94 0.0051.0679.4115030 4.67 2.33
GlenviewTied 5th2234.00329.19138.29497.50091.80878.817103.393-7.50069.2366.6770.00 0.0030.0069.5712015 4.50 3.50
Racine 2Tied 7th2216.76611.47551.12453.75045.26830.982138.036-47.50070.00 0.00-4.55104.55 0.0076.47755 1.75 0.00
Fond du Lac 2Tied 7th2220.04515.13255.86758.75054.12240.857150.841-53.750100.00100.0018.7562.5018.75100.0011010 2.25 0.25
MequonTied 9th0220.48615.62568.40330.00055.31242.188184.688-95.00075.00100.0028.5714.2957.1469.236525 3.00 0.50
Eau Claire PA 2Tied 9th1220.89916.84317.63748.33356.42945.47647.619 1.66757.89100.0017.3973.91 8.7058.068520 3.67 0.33
Madison 2Tied 9th1230.78724.92344.36783.33383.12567.292119.792-21.66765.2228.57-13.89102.7811.1164.1011530 5.00 0.67
Fond du Lac 1Tied 9th1223.81018.30446.13135.00064.28649.420124.554-25.00085.71 0.00 0.00112.50-12.5081.821000 3.00 0.00
Racine 3Tied 13th0212.726 8.62128.20230.00034.36023.27676.145-32.500100.00 0.00 0.00100.00 0.00100.006010 1.50 0.00
HartfordTied 13th0212.054 7.58947.76827.50032.54520.491128.973-80.00075.00 0.00 0.00100.00 0.0080.003520 1.50 0.00
AppletonTied 13th02 4.762 0.00044.048 2.50012.857 0.000118.929-82.500 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001010 0.00 0.00

Note that all of these statistics except PPG are calculated only from questions up to the point each game was locked.
W - Number of wins for this team
L - Number of losses for this team
PPS - the percentage of the total points that the team scored while the game was still competitive (includes bonuses and fouls)
PPS2 - the percentage of the total points that the team scored while the game was still competitive (excludes bonuses and fouls)
PAPS - the percentage of the total points that were scored against this team while the game was still competitive (includes bonuses and fouls)
PPG - the normal (non-PPS) average points per game for this team in this tournament
EA - extrapolated average represents the number of points that a team would score IF they were to continue quizzing at the pace that they were when the game was locked
EA2 - extrapolated average represents the number of points that a team would score IF they were to continue quizzing at the pace that they were when the game was locked (excludes bonuses and fouls)
EAA - 'extrapolated average against' represents the number of points scored against a team IF they were to continue quizzing at the pace that they were when the game was locked
MRG - team's average margin of victory (if positive) or defeat (if negative)
%C - average percent of correct responses per game
%IC - average percent of interrupted correct responses per game
%I - percent interruptions is of total points scored by this team via responses (bonuses/fouls excluded)
%NI - percent non-interruptions is of total points scored by this team
%RR - percent re-reads is of total points scored by this team (note that sum of %I, %NI, and %RR is 100%)
%Pts - percentage of the points they attempted and got correct
Max - team's highest final score
Min - team's lowest final score
NC - average number of correct responses per game
NIC - average number of interrupted correct responses per game


More Detailed (10-20-30) Team PPS Statistics

TeamRank10pts10rr10ni10i20pts20rr20ni20i30pts30rr30ni30i
Madison 11st29.004.006.0019.0066.008.000.0058.0027.00-3.000.0030.00
Bartlett2nd42.8612.8618.5711.4367.1414.2922.8630.0012.864.29-2.1410.71
Eau Claire PA 13rd34.004.007.0023.0060.004.0012.0044.000.006.003.00-9.00
Racine 14th36.670.0018.3318.3358.3310.0026.6721.67-2.500.000.00-2.50
ParkwayTied 5th13.336.670.006.6740.0033.330.006.6725.000.000.0025.00
GlenviewTied 5th8.751.250.007.5050.0010.000.0040.003.757.500.00-3.75
Racine 2Tied 7th5.000.006.25-1.257.500.007.500.0015.000.0015.000.00
Fond du Lac 2Tied 7th10.002.507.500.0015.005.0010.000.0015.000.007.507.50
MequonTied 9th12.5010.002.500.0030.0010.0010.0010.00-7.500.00-7.500.00
Eau Claire PA 2Tied 9th8.333.335.000.0030.000.0023.336.670.000.000.000.00
Madison 2Tied 9th20.000.0015.005.0020.006.6726.67-13.3320.000.0020.000.00
Fond du Lac 1Tied 9th15.000.0015.000.0025.00-5.0030.000.000.000.000.000.00
Racine 3Tied 13th5.000.005.000.0020.000.0020.000.000.000.000.000.00
HartfordTied 13th7.500.007.500.0010.000.0010.000.000.000.000.000.00
AppletonTied 13th0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

Note that all of these statistics are calculated only from questions up to the point each game was locked.
10pts - overall average points scored by this team in the 10s
10rr - average points scored on re-reads in the 10s
10ni - average points scored by non-interrupting in the 10s
10i - average points scored by interrupting in the 10s
20pts - overall average points scored by this team in the 20s
20rr - average points scored on re-reads in the 20s
20ni - average points scored by non-interrupting in the 20s
20i - average points scored by interrupting in the 20s
30pts - overall average points scored by this team in the 30s
30rr - average points scored on re-reads in the 30s
30ni - average points scored by non-interrupting in the 30s
30i - average points scored by interrupting in the 30s